Sangni Fort: Exploring the Architecture and Defenses of Historic Fort of Pothohar

Sangni fortress is an important part of line of defenses spread across the Potohar plateau. It is located halfway between Ramkot Fort about 25 kilometers to the southeast and Rawat Fort about 28 kilometers to the North West of Sangni Fort. It was probably built during the late Mughal period but was significantly strengthened during the Sikh era starting in 1814. Later on, it was turned into a jail, either during the Sikh rule or possibly after the British took control of Punjab from 1849 onward.

According to local stories, the fortress was originally called Sangi but was renamed Sangni (or Sangani) during the time of Ranjit Singh. The exact origin of the name is uncertain, but it may come from the word "sangum," which means "meeting point," possibly referring to two streams near the fort. Another possibility is that it comes from the word for stone, "sang." A less likely explanation is that "sangni" is a variation of Singh, a common Sikh surname.

The fortress is built on a naturally defended hill with a steep slope to the west and gentler slopes to the south and east. The only relatively level approach is from the north, which presents the greatest challenge for any attackers. Its defenses consist of four corner towers connected by high walls, all equipped with battlements, embrasures, and arrow loops for archers and gunners. The entrance, facing east, has a barbican with two towers, making it difficult for attackers to enter unopposed. Additionally, a parapet on the west side has an opening with a winch for drawing water from a nearby stream without leaving the fortress.

While the fortress seems to be in decent structural condition, there are signs of former wooden platforms or walkways along the walls, which are now gone. The main entrance likely had one or two doors in the past, but they have been replaced with steel gates in modern times to control access.

In recent years, followers of Sahibzada Abdul Hakeem, a Sufi elder, built a shrine in his honor within the fort. Hakeem was a wandering preacher who gained many followers from villages across the Potohar plateau."Sangni Citadel: A Journey Through Time and Tradition"